POLLUTE是一款传染物运移分析软件。POLLUTE被宽泛用于垃圾填埋设计和环境补救领域，可将 1.5 维度的解决规划使用到对流 - 扩散方程中。与有限元和有限差方程分歧的是，POLLUTE要功夫推动取骤，因而降低了推算工作量，削减数值不不变问题的产生。

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POLLUTE在工业领域已有15年以上的利用，它是一种经测试的传染物迁徙分析法式，已宽泛用于垃圾安葬场设计和建复中 Ｄ芄凰伎嫉睦盥癯∩杓屏煊，从天然粘性含水层上的系统到复合衬垫、多沉樊篱和多沉含水层。

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重要：

1、非线性吸附作用；

2、反射性和生物过程的腐臭；

3、通过断面的传输；

4、被动沉降，相变；

5、随功夫变动的。

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能够使用法式向导或通过选择预先创建的模型中的来重新起头创建模型：例如，主衬垫填埋场和次衬垫填埋场。垂直迁徙和水平迁徙。

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传染数据输入

使用屏幕顶部的主菜单栏，能够创建，编纂和执行数据集。而后能够显示和打印这些数据集的输出。

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能够使用数据菜单创建或编纂POLLUTE数据集。数据集由通例矿床数据，地层数据，天堑前提和可选的职能组成。

输入有关模型的数据，例如：

数据集标题

泥土层数（每层能够拥有分歧的属性）

穿过泥土层的速度

拉普拉斯转换参数（默认值通常就足够了）

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传染层数据

对于层，能够指定以下内容：

子层数

厚度

干密度

水动力弥散系数

分配系数?

骨折类型（若是存在）

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创建层都可能分裂。这些裂缝可所以一维，二维或三维的。在裂缝层中，该法式沿裂缝的对流 - 弥散运移，并扩散到裂缝两侧的基质中。

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传染天堑前提

数据集都有两个天堑，在天堑层的顶部，在层的底部。顶部天堑通常是与传染源（有限质量或恒定浓度）的接触点，底部天堑通常是与含水层（固定流出）或基岩（零流量）的接触点。

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有限质量天堑前提

有限质量天堑前提可用于暗示传染源，例如垃圾填埋场。若是传染物的质量是有限的，则随着传染质量被输送到下面的层中或被渗滤液网络系统请去除，传染源出的传染浓度将降落。

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固定流程速度天堑前提

此天堑前提可用于暗示数据集中各层下方的含水层。随着质量从上方格层传输到含水层中，而后通过基础层中的水平速度传输出去，该含水层中的浓度将随功夫变动。

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传染

除了根基数据参数以表，模型中还能够使用职能Ｄ芄淮佣嘞蜓≡癫说サ毖≡裾庑┲澳苤械囊幌罨蚨嘞。

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放射性/生物

衰变能够对放射性或生物衰变进行建模。通过造订源，层和基础含水层的半衰期来思考一阶衰变。这些层能够拥有一样的半衰期，后者能够将半衰期指定为深度的函数。

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深度距离浓度散布图

为了仿照各层中的布景弄丢，能够使用初始浓度散布图。使用此选项，能够将层中的初始浓度指定为深度的函数。此表，能够在模型起头时指定流入泥土和Polar region?的通量。

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Freundlich和Langmuir非线性吸附

能够思考Freundlich或Langmuri非线性吸附。使用非线性吸附时，该法式将各层分成子层，并使用迭代技术确定子层的等效线性散布系数。

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组内的属性增量

此选项用于随着功夫扭转模型的属性。用户能够扭转源浓度，传染物质量，手机的渗滤液量，达西速度，分散度和含水层速度。例如，该选项可用于仿照垃圾填埋场渗滤液网络系统的渐进式粉碎。功夫分为几组。在组中，属职能够随功夫恒定或能够随功夫线性增长Ｄ芄恢付ㄏ附谄鹜吩粗械呐ǘ

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被动接管器

模型中能够使用被动接管器。被动水槽是水平速度地点的一层。这将拥有去除传染物的作用。通常，无元水槽用于暗示次要渗滤液网络系统或多个含水层。

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蒙特卡洛变量输入法

蒙特卡洛仿照可用于评估某些模型数据的不确定性的影响。使用这种步骤，使用概率散布描述比确定的数据值。经过无数次仿照后将天生深度处传染物峰值浓度的 概率散布。

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主衬板（字幕D）垃圾填埋场

有一些选项创建和自界说预约义的模型。这些模型带有重要渗滤液网络场和复合衬里的垃圾填埋场

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重要和辅助陈丽垃圾填埋场

有多种选项创建和定造预约义的模型。这些模型拥有重要渗滤液手机和复合衬里的垃圾填埋场和拥有重要和次要渗滤液网络和复合衬里的垃圾填埋场。这些填埋场输入选项中，在层名称选择“是”或“否”，就能够选择分类到土工膜，粘土衬里。

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土工？资

土工膜与黏土衬层之间的接触类型表，“泄露量”还取决于裂缝类型，大幼和频率。

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有限质量源

垃圾填埋场的传染源可所以有限质量的，也可所以恒定浓度的。若是源类型为有限质量，则能够指定传染物的废料厚度和密度，通过盖子的渗入和有关数据。

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主黏土衬里或GCL

对于模型中存在的层，能够单元指定参数。改成将自动将单元转换为SI或US。衬垫可所以黏土或土工合成黏土衬垫。

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含水层

若是垃圾填埋场下方存在含水层，则能够指定含水层厚度和孔隙率。该法式将自动推算含水层中的幼流出速度Ｄ芄恢付ù酥祷蛞陨系闹。

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传染模型执行

推算浓度

创建数据集后，可执行模型在数量深处推算传染物的浓度，或者选定深度处自动确定较大浓度。从而使其成为查抄设计规划和“活络度分析”作用。

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传染了局输出

执行完模型后，能够显示，图形和打印输出文件。图表可所以浓度对功夫，浓度对深度，通量对功夫和色彩浓度。这些图形也能够秦松地在几种类型的打印机上打印。图形的默认值是自动确定的Ｄ芄桓恼庑┲狄栽市矶ㄔ焱夹。对于浓杜纂功夫。

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浓杜纂功夫关系

随功夫的变动的浓度图显示了所钻研深度的传染物浓度随功夫的变动。使用这些图，能够确定深度处的峰浓度。该值也会自动显示在图形的顶部。

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浓杜纂深度

关系浓杜纂深度的关系图显示了疼功夫或所以推算功夫的传染物浓度随深度的变动。

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通量与功夫的关系能够绘造出随功夫推移进入泥土层顶部和流出泥土层底部的总通量。

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色彩浓度图

浓度随功夫和深度的变动图可用于注明传染物羽流随功夫向更深的深度移动。

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打印选项

图形能够在显示时按“P”键进行打印Ｄ芄唤谠齑蛴⊥夹蔚闹澳，例如大幼，标题和字体。

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传染工具

可使用工具来援手创建和查抄数据集

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推算器

推算器工具，用于确定达西速度和传染物质量

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援手

能够按F1键接见高低文有关的援手文本。显示的信息可交叉引用，通过单击凸起显示的文正本提醒他们。

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职能：

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POLLUTE法式使模型的创建，编纂，执行，打印和显示，能够使用法式向导或通过选择预先创建的模型之一重新起头创建模型。

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POLLUTE基于数据存储的项目概想，其中用户占有项目库，并且在项目中都有模型。使用此步骤，Microsoft Access 2000数据库用于存储项目。项目都存储在目录中，该目录能够位于统一台推算机上，也能够散布在整个网络中。主数据库用于跟踪项目地位，主项目数据库还用于存储项目中的数据（例如符号库）。

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以下职能项主张创建和编纂：

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• 存储在Access 2000数据库中的项目

• 项目数量

• 能够创建新项目

• 项目目录是自动创建

• 能够删除项目目录

• 能够导入推算机上的项目

• 项目能够导出到推算机

• 能够自动备份项目

• 备份的项目能够还原

• 法式版本6中的模型数据能够导入到项目中

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模型用于暗示地下岩性，萦绕系统和要钻研的传染物源。这些模型可用于钻研垃圾填埋场，安葬垃圾，溢出物，泄湖，樊篱系统等的影响。钻研区域应分组为项目。项目用于在钻研区域中存储模型。创建模型后，能够运行该模型以推算指定深度和功夫的传染物浓度。

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POLLUTE的一些职能：

• 使用空缺模型，向导或输入模型能够创建新模型。

• 模型的图形图在创建时显示

• 模型200个图层创建层可1,2或3维裂缝

• 可以为层指定扩散系数，分配系数和相变参数

• 顶部天堑前提可所以零通量，恒定浓度或有限质量

• 底部天堑前提可所以零通量，恒定浓度，固定流出或厚度

• 地下浓度能够在指定的功夫推算，或者法式能够自动找到大浓度的功夫

• 能够仿照传染物的放射性或生物衰变

• 能够指定在指定深度处的初始浓度散布

• 能够仿照Freundlich和Langmuir非线性吸附

• 源，速度和图层属职能够随功夫变动（能够使用源，阻碍或流模式中的模型更改）

• 能够指定被动水槽来仿照层中的水平速度和传染物的去除

• 蒙特卡罗仿照可用于评估模型参数的不确定性的影响

• 当参数值未通达时，“活络度分析”可用于预测预期的浓度领域

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输出职能：

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模型的输出能够导出的体式：

• ASCII

• Excel

• Access

• Rich text format

• Adobe pdf

• Lotus 123

• Paradox

• HTML

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除了模型的推算了局表，导入的输出数据还能够显示在浓度对深度和浓度对功夫图上。导入的数据能够来自模型，尝试了局或理论了局。导入的数据能够从文件，项目中的模型中提取，也能够直接创建和输入。输入导入的数据后，能够对其进行编纂和删除。

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系统要求

• Windows 98 / NT / 2000 / XP或以上版本

• 64 MB的可用硬盘空间

• 128MB的RAM

• CD或DVD驱动器

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【英文介绍】

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POLLUTE program provides fast, accurate, and comprehensive contaminant migration analysis capabilities. This program implements a one and a half dimensional solution to the advection-dispersion equation. Unlike finite element and finite difference formulations, POLLUTE does not require a time-marching procedure, and thus involves relatively little computational effort while also avoiding the numerical problems of alternate approaches.

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With more then fifteen years utilization in industry, POLLUTE is a well tested contaminant migration analysis program which is widely used in landfill design and remediation. Landfill designs that can be considered range from simple systems on a natural clayey aquitard to composite liners, multiple barriers and multiple aquifers.

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In addition to advective-dispersive transport, POLLUTE can consider

·? ?non-linear sorption

·? ?radioactive and biological decay

·? ?transport through fractures

·? ?passive sinks

·? ?phase changes, and

·? ?time-varying properties.

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Feature Comparison

Feature	Professional	Standard
Wizards and pre-created models	Yes	Yes
Unlimited number of models	Yes	Yes
Up to 200 layers	Yes	Yes
Constant concentration boundary conditions	Yes	Yes
Finite mass boundary condition	Yes	Yes
Fixed outflow boundary condition	Yes	Yes
Passive Sinks	Yes	Yes
Linear sorption	Yes	Yes
Non-linear sorption	Yes	No
Fractures in layers	Yes	No
Radioactive and biological decay	Yes	No
Initial concentration profile	Yes	No
Time-varying properties	Yes	No
Monte Carlo Simulation	Yes	Yes
Sensitivity Analysis	Yes	Yes

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POLLUTE Data Entry?

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Using the main menu bar at the ?of the screen, datasets can be created, edited, and executed. The output from these datasets can then be displayed and printed.

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POLLUTE Deposit Data?

Datasets can be created or edited using the Data Menu. A dataset consists of general deposit data, layer data, boundary conditions, and optional special features.

First, general data is entered about the model, such as:

·? ?Title of the Dataset

·? ?Number of Soil Layers (each layer can have different properties)

·? ?Darcy Velocity through the soil layers

·? ?Laplace Transform Parameters (defaults are usually sufficient) ?

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POLLUTE Layer Data?

For each layer, the following may be specified:

·? ?Number of Sublayers

·? ?Thickness

·? ?Dry Density

·? ?Coefficient of Hydrodynamic Dispersion

·? ?Distribution Coefficient

·? ?Type of Fractures (if present)

Any or all of the layers may be fractured. These fractures may be one, two, or three dimensional. In a fractured layer, the program considers advective-dispersive transport along the fractures coupled with diffusion into the matrix on either side of the fracture

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POLLUTE Boundary Conditions

There are two boundaries for each dataset, one at the ?and one at the bottom of the layers. The ?boundary is usually the point of contact with the contaminant source (finite mass or constant concentration), and the bottom boundary is usually the point of contact with an aquifer (fixed outflow) or bedrock (zero flux).

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Finite Mass Boundary Condition?

The finite mass boundary condition may be used to represent contaminant sources such as landfills. Where the mass of contaminant is finite, the concentration of contaminant at the source will decline as contaminant mass is transported into the layers below or is removed by a leachate collection system.

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Fixed Outflow Velocity Boundary Condition?

This boundary condition may be used to represent an aquifer below the layers in the dataset. The concentration in this aquifer will vary with time as mass is transported into the aquifer from the layers above and is then transported away by the horizontal velocity in the base strata.

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POLLUTE Special Features

In addition to the basic data parameters, many special features can also be used in the model. One or more of these special features may be selected from the multiple choice menu.

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Radioactive/Biological Decay?

Radioactive or biological decay can be modeled. First-order decay is considered by specifying the half lives for the source, layers, and base aquifer. The layers may have the same half-life, or the half-life can be specified as a function of depth.

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Depth Interval Concentration Profile?

To model background concentration in the layers, an initial concentration profile may be used. Using this option, the initial concentration in the layers can be specified as a function of depth. In addition, the flux into the soil and the base can be specified at the start time of the model.?

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Freundlich and Langmuir Nonlinear Sorption?

Either Freundlich or Langmuir nonlinear sorption may be considered. When nonlinear sorption is used, the program splits the layers into sublayers and uses an iterative technique to determine the equivalent linear distribution coefficient for each sublayer.

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Properties Increment Within Groups?

This option is used to vary properties of the model with time. The user may vary the source concentration, contaminant mass, volume of leachate collected, Darcy velocity, dispersivity and aquifer velocity. For example, this option can be used to simulate the progressive failure of the leachate collection system in a landfill. Time is divided into groups. In each group the properties may be constant with time or may increment linearly with time. The concentration in the source at the beginning of each time group may be specified or the concentration at the end of the last group may be used.

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Passive Sink?

One or more passive sinks may be used in the model. A passive sink is a layer where there is a horizontal velocity. This will have the effect of removing contaminants. Typically, a passive sink is used to represent secondary leachate collection systems or multiple aquifers.

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Monte Carlo Variable Entry?

Monte Carlo simulation may be used to evaluate the effects of uncertainty in the values of some of the model data. Using this approach, the uncertain data values are described using a probability distribution. After numerous simulations, a probability distribution is generated for the peak concentration of the contaminant at any depth.

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Primary Liner (Subtitle D) Landfill?

There are options to create and customize predefined models quickly and easily. These models include landfills with primary leachate collection and composite liners (Subtitle D).

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Primary and Secondary Liner Landfill?

There are options to create and customize predefined models quickly and easily. These models include landfills with primary leachate collection and composite liners (Subtitle D) and landfills with primary and secondary leachate collection and composite liners (Subtitle C). In these quick landfill entry options, layers such as the geomembrane, clay liner, aquitard, and aquifer can be included or discarded simply by the selecting Yes or No beside the layer name.

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Leakage Rate (Subtitle D) Landfill?

The leakage rate through the composite liner may be calculated using the method proposed by Giroud et al., 1992, and Giroud and Bonaparte, 1989. These calculations consider leakage due to permeation and defects in the geomembrane.

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Geomembrane Hole Data?

In addition to the type of contact between the geomembrane and the clay liner, the leakage will also depend on the type, size, and frequency of the defects.

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Finite Mass Source?

The landfill contaminant source can be either finite mass or constant concentration. If the source type is finite mass, the waste thickness and density, infiltration through the cover, and percentage of mass can be specified for the contaminant.

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Primary Clay Liner or GCL?

For each layer present in the model, the parameters may be specified in any units; the program will automatically convert all units to either SI or US. The liner can be either clay or a geosynthetic clay liner.

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Aquifer?

If an aquifer is present beneath the landfill, the thickness and porosity of the aquifer can be specified. The program will automatically calculate the minimum outflow velocity in the aquifer. This value or a higher value can be specified.

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POLLUTE Model Execution

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Calculate Concentrations?

After the dataset has been created, the model can be executed. The concentration of the contaminant can be calculated at any number of specific depths or the maximum concentration can be determined automatically at any selected depth. Unlike other techniques that may take hours or days to prepare and execute models, the finite-layer technique is very quick. It typically takes only minutes to prepare and execute a model making it ideal for examining design alternatives and for sensitivity analysis.

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POLLUTE Result Output

After the model has been executed, the output file can be displayed, graphed, and printed. Graphs can be concentration versus time, concentration versus depth, flux versus time, and color concentration. All of these graphs can also be easily printed on several types of printers. Default values for the graphs are automatically determined. These values can be easily changed to allow complete customization of the graph. For the concentration versus time graph, one or all of the depths may be plotted; likewise for time in the concentration versus depth graph.

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Concentration Versus Time?

Concentration with time graphs show the variation in the calculated concentration of the contaminant with time for the depths studied. Using these graphs, the peak concentration at a specific depth can be easily identified. This value is also automatically displayed at the ?of the graph.

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Concentration Versus Depth?

Concentration versus depth graphs show the change in contaminant concentration with depth, either for a specific time or for all the times that were calculated.

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Flux Versus Time?

The total flux into the ?of the soil layers and out of the bottom of the soil layers with time can be graphed.

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Color Concentration Plot?

The change in concentration with time and depth graph can be used to illustrate the movement of the contaminant plume into deeper depths over time.

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Print Options

Graphs can be printed by pressing 'P' while they are displayed. Many of the features of the printed graph can be controlled such as the size, titles and fonts.

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POLLUTE Tools

Tools are available to aid in creating and checking datasets.

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Calculator?

These tools include a calculator that can be used to determine Darcy velocity and contaminant mass.

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Help?

Context-sensitive help can be accessed any time by pressing the F1 key. The information displayed contains many cross-references which can be displayed by clicking on the highlighted text.

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POLLUTE Preferences

The display colors, mouse buttons, and program environment can all be adjusted as desired. Many of the program features can be customized such as directories, file extensions, screen display type, and printer type.

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Most popular screen types are supported, including Super VGA, VGA, and EGA, or the screen type can be automatically detected.

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A large variety of printers are also supported such as Epson 9 and 24 pin, HP LaserJet, HP Pen Plotters, HP Paint Jet, and Postscript. Graphs can also be converted into PCX file format.

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